Correlation analysis between vitamin A, D and E levels with the altitude, seasonal variation and other factors in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau of Ganzi Prefecture / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To detect serum levels of vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin D(Vit D)25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and vitamin E(Vit E) in children aged 0-6 years in Tibetan Plateau of Garzi Prefecture, thus providing references for physical examinations and prevention of 4 key diseases (rickets, malnutrition anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea) in children in plateau areas by relevant government departments.Methods:A total of 2 122 children who participated in physical examination in 12 townships of Xiangcheng County and 14 townships of Daocheng County, Garzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from April 2017 to April 2019 with 0-6 years old were recruited for surveying physical measurements and collection of venous blood.Serum Vit A and Vit E levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The relationship between Vit A, Vit E and 25-(OH)D levels with the gender, age, seasonal change and altitude was analyzed.Results:The serum Vit A level, subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate were(1.05±0.27) μmol/L, 8.15%(173/2 122 cases) and 45.99%(976/2 122 cases), respectively in 2 122 children with 0-6 years old.There were significant differences in the serum Vit A level, the subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and the marginal vitamin A deficiency rate in children with different ages, seasons and altitudes (all P<0.05). The serum level of 25-(OH)D and 25-(OH)D deficiency rate insufficient rate were (24.65±6.45) ng/L, 6.03%(128/2 122 cases) and 16.59%(352/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in the serum level of 25-(OH)D, 25-(OH)D deficiency rate and 25-(OH)D insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate were (7.81±1.74) mg/L, 2.78%(59/2 122 cases) and 29.59%(628/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum levels of Vit A and Vit D remained the lowest before the age of 1 year, and their deficiencies at this age were the most significant.The mean serum level of Vit E remained the lowest in >1-2 years old, and its deficiency and insufficient at this age were the most significant.Vit A, D and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes, which were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring, autumn and winter.In addition, Vit A and 25-(OH)D were significantly affected by the altitude, which were the lowest above 4 km altitude. Conclusions:The overall serum levels of Vit A, 25-(OH) D and E in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau areas of Ganzi Prefecture are lower than those in plain areas.Vit A, 25-(OH) D and Vit E levels significantly differed in the age, season and altitude, which are related to the lack of local resources, insufficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy and insufficient intake after birth, as well as temperature and light caused by changes in local seasons and altitude.Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable supplements during pregnancy to prevent vitamin deficiency.

Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibit high glucose induce serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 and fibronectin expression in human mesangial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on inhibiting high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin (FN) expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), and its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) .</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HMC were divided into normal glucose group (NG group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), normal glucose +low DP group (NG + LDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose +7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP), normal glucose +high DP group (NG + HDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP), high glucose group (HG group,25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), high glucose +low DP group (HG + LDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP)and high glucose +high DP group (HG +HDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP). Each group was examined at 24 hours. The levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SGK1 and FN protein was detected by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A basal level of SGK1 and FN in HMC were detected in NG group, and the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were not evidently different compared to that of NG group adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. On the other hand, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were obviously decreased by adding 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. Compared to NG group, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were increased in HG group after stimulating for 24 hours (P < 0.01). Compared to HG group, the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were evidently reduced in HG + LDP and HG + HDP groups by adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP and 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dracorhodin perchlorate can inhibit high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin(FN) expression in human mesangial cells, and this may be part of the mechanism of preventing and treating renal fibrosis of DN.</p>

Expression of Snail and tumor invasiveness in breast carcionma / 中华全科医师杂志

Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Snail in 5 specimens jusxta-eancerous normal breast tissues, 35 specimens of cancerous tissues without metastasis and 20 specimens of breast carcinoma with lymphonode metastasis. Breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 was transfected with antisense Snail. Results showed that the expression of Snail protein was significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in their normal tissues. The mRNA and protein expressions of Snail in the breast carcinoma cells treated with antisense Snail was significantly decreased while the E-cadherin protein significantly increased (both P < 0.05). The number of invasive ceils treated with antisense Snail was (10.5±1.3)%, while in treated with EGFP was (68.2±2.1)% (P < 0.05). The abnormal expression of Snail contribute to the invasiveness of breast carcinoma. The antisense Snail could prevent the cells ability to invade in vitro, and the effect is related with the up-regulated E-cadherin protein.

Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibit high glucose-induced connective tissue growth factor formation in human mesangial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate on high glucose-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), and its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HMC were divided into low glucose group (LG group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), high glucose group (HG Group 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), each group was located with dracorhodin perchlorate (7. 5 micromol x L(-1)) as comparison, and was examined at 24, 48 h. The expression of CTGF mRNA was assessed by semi quantatiue RT-PCR, and the expression of CTGF protein was assessed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared to HG group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein were reduced in LG group after stimulating 24, 48 hours (P < 0.01). Compared to HG group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein were reduced in HG group by added with dracorhodin perchlorate after stimulating 24, 48 hours (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dracorhodin perchlorate can inhibit high glucose-induced connective tissue growth factor expression in human mesangial cells, and this may be its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p>

High glucose promotes the CTGF expression in human mesangial cells via serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 pathway / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The role of serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) pathway in the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression was investigated in cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs) under high glucose. By using RT-PCR and Western blot, the effect of SGK1 on the CTGF expression in HMCs under high glucose was examined. Overexpression of active SGK1 in HMCs transfected with pIRES2-EGFP-S422D hSGK1 (SD) could increase the expression of phosphorylated SGK1 and CTGF as compared with HMCs groups transfected with pIRES2-EGFP (FP) under high glucose or normal glucose. Overexpression of inactive SGK1 in HMCs transfected with pIRES2-EGFP-K127N hSGK1 (KN) could decrease phosphorylated SGK1 and CTGF expression as compared with HMCs groups transfected with FP under high glucose. In conclusion, these results suggest that high glucose-induced CTGF expression is mediated through the active SGK1 in HMCs.

Effects of high-purity ginkgetin injection on memory function and superoxide dismutase activity in myocardial tissues / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Ginkgetin has been widely acknowledged as having multiple pharmaceutical values in domestic and abroad. In many western countries, ginaton is imported in large amount. Domestic production of ginkgetin is great, however, seldom applied and there is no ginaton agent for injection.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the increased contents of total flavonoid glycoside and quercetin glycoside of ginkgetin injection on memory function of mice, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissues and hemorrheological indexes of rabbits with ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized control animal experiment.SETTING: Hebei Medical College of Employees.MATERIALS: Ninety Kunming mice (3-4 months old), weight (25±1) g and thirty-two Japanese rabbits (3-4 months old) were selected. Self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 8.7 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (49.8%) and 4.61% lactone];Ginkgetin injection made in German (Jinnaduo): Manufactured by Schwabe Germany [5 mL containing 17.5 mg ginaton, of which there were 4.2 mg ginkgo flavonoid glycoside (24%)].METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Central Department of Experimental Animal, Hebei Medical College of Employees from September to November 2002. ①Ninety mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 1, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group, model group and control group with 15 mice in each group. Mice in the model group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected respectively with testing medicine for 10 continuous days,One hour after the 10th day of administration, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL/kg scopolamine hydrobromide and dysmnesy models were duplicated. Ten minutes after that, mice were put in the step-down instrument for 36V-voltage-stimulus after accommodation. Measurements were re-performed respectively at 5 minutes and 24 hours after training.Latency and times of electric shock within 5 minutes were recorded.②Thirty-two Japanese rabbits were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, German ginkgetin injection group, 1 mL/kg, 0.5 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group with 8 rabbits in each group. Medicineswere continuously injected into aural veins. Three days after administration, blood was collected to detect the hemorheological indexes. ③Thirtytwo rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: 1 mL/kg, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group, 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group and normal saline group with 8 ones in each group. Rabbit models with ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues were established, rabbits were ligated for 30 minutes and then unclamped to get ischemic reperfusion injury in myocardial tissues, testing drugs were injected via carotid artery at the moment of reperfusion according to different groups. Before reperfusion and 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, blood was drawn from the arteria femoralis, activity of SOD in plasma was measured. Animals were executed to obtain myocardial tissues so as to measure SOD activity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Latency and times of shock within 5 minutes in the experiment were recorded. ②Hemorheological indexes and determination of SOD activity in myocardial tissues.RESULTS: All experimental animals were involved in the analysis of results and no one died. ①Test for memory: Latency and times of errors in step down test in the injection group were better than those in the control group, and differences were significant (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05). Times of errors within 5 minutes in 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin irjection group was less than that in the German ginkgetin injection group and the differences were obvious.②Hemorheological indexes: Whole-blood viscosity low shear value,rigid index of red cells and gathering index of red cells etc. in injection groups decreased. ③SOD activity: Compared with control group, that was significantly increased in 1, 2 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group and were in a dose-dependent manner. Those were obviously increased in the 1 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group. Increase in SOD activity of ischemic myocardial tissues in the 1 mL/kg self-made ginkgetin injection group was more significant than that in the 2 mL/kg German ginkgetin injection group.CONCLUSION: Both self-made and German ginkgetin injections can enhance the ability of memory; While at the basis of same dose, self-made high-purity ginkgetin injection is superior to German ginkgetin injection.

Significance and expression of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase in kidney of mice with diabetic nephropathy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the expression and the role of three isoforms of Serum and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase (SGK) in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), 12 male C57BL/6 mice of 8-weeks-old were divided into two groups. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy and normal controls were analyzed at the end of the 4th week after the induction of diabetes. Renal hemodynamics and histological studies were performed. The expression of SGK1 mRNA, SGK2 mRNA and SGK3 mRNA of kidney cortex were measured by RT-PCR, and the cortical SGK1 protein was detected with Western blotting. Our results showed that the blood glucose, blood HbA1c, 24h urinary protein, creatinine clearance and the renal index were all increased in DN group. More extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation was observed. The level of cortical SGK1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in DN group in comparison with control group. SGK2 and SGK3 mRNA were elevated in DN mice. In DN, mRNA level of three SGK isoforms and SGK1 protein were increased significantly. It is concluded that SGKs may contribute to the early renal injury of DN.

Significance and Expression of Serum and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase in Kidney of Mice with Diabetic Nephropathy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the expression and the role of three isoforms of Serum and Glucocorticoidinducible Kinase (SGK) in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN), 12 male C57BL/6 mice of 8-weeks-old were divided into two groups. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy and normal controls were analyzed at the end of the 4th week after the induction of diabetes. Renal hemodynamics and histological studies were performed. The expression of SGK1 mRNA, SGK2 mRNA and SGK3 mRNA of kidney cortex were measured by RT-PCR, and the cortical SGK1 protein was detected with Western blotting. Our results showed that the blood glucose, blood HbA1c, 24-h urinary protein, creatinine clearance and the renal index were all increased in DN group. More extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation was observed. The level of cortical SGK1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in DN group in comparison with control group. SGK2 and SGK3 mRNA were elevated in DN mice. In DN, mRNA level of three SGK isoforms and SGK1 protein were increased significantly. It is concluded that SGKs may contribute to the early renal injury of DN.

Relationship between the expression of connexin43 and bystander effect of suicide gene therapy in ovarian cancer / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The relationship of connexin43 (Cx43) and bystander effect in ovarian tumor cells in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) gene therapy in vitro was explored and the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of Cx43 and bystander effect investigated. The Cx43 expression was detected by flowcytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence in two ovarian tumor cell lines OVCAR3, CaOV3 before and after RA treatment. Bystander effect was determined by the cells growth inhibitory rate with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. Following exposure to ganciclovir, there was much greater bystander killing in OVCAR3 than that in CaOV3 (P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 was detected in OVCAR3 by flowcytometry and Western blot, but it could not be detected in CaOV3. The expression of Cx43 in both cell lines could be induced by RA. Immunofluoresence staining showed that Cx43 protein of OVCAR3 was located on membrane surface, whereas CaOV3 in cytoplasm. RA could not change the location of Cx43 protein in both cell lines. There is relationship between Cx43 expression and HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect. HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect can be enhanced by RA in ovarian cancer.

Effects of Liuwei Dihuang Jiawei Capsula on renal protein kinase C activity and connective tissue growth factor of diabetic nephropathy rats / 中草药

Objective To investigate the protection of Liuwei Dihuang Jiawei Capsula(LDJ Capsula,Rehmanniae Capsula of Six Ingredients) on diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats′ kidney and effect on renal protein kinase C(PKC) activity and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) of DN rats.Methods The DN rat models were induced by ip injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group; DN model group;Lotensin group;LDJ Capsula group;and Lotensis and LDJ Capsula combination group.Drug intervention term was 12 weeks.Renal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope and Masson staining.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of the 24 hour urine protein,renal PKC activity,and CTGF expression in renal cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results Deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats was conspicuous.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of 24 h urine protein,renal PKC activity and CTGF expression of DN rats increased obviously.All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression and ameliorate proteinuria and renal function of DN rats.At the same time they all could abate the deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats.Combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression more ob-viously and at the same time had more notable protective effect on kidney of DN rats.Conclusion All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could protect kidney of DN rats.The combination of these two drugs has more obviously protective effect than using Lotensin only.

Effects of off pump coronary-artery-bypass surgery on hemodynamics and metabolism / 中华麻醉学杂志

ve To compare the effects of coronary-artery-bypass (CAB) surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on hemodynamics and the function of the grafts. Methods Thirty-five patients undergoing elective CAB surgery were studied. CAB was performed either with hypothermic CPB (n = 15) or without CPB(off-pump, n = 20) . The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pethidine 50 mg and scopolamine O.3mg. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous midazolam 5-15mg, fentanyl 5-20?g?kg and pancuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 or pipecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 and maintained with iv infusion of fentanyl 6-10?g?kg-1, propofol 2-4mg?kg-1?h-1 and intermittent boluses of pancuronium, midazolam supplemented with 1%-1.5% isoflurane inhalation. In off-pump group naso-pharyngeal T?was maintained at 37.2℃ during operation. The amount of heparin used was equal to about one-third of amount used during CPB and ACT was maintained above 250 seconds. MAP was maintained at 70-90 mm Hg. While blood vessel was being grafted onto the coronary arteries heart rate was maintained at 60-80 bpm, otherwise esmolol 10-20mg was given iv every 5 min until it was satisfactorily controlled. In CPB group, during CPB naso-pharyngeal T?was maintained at 32℃-34℃, MAP at 50-70 mm Hg and blood gases and electrolytes within normal range. Right radial artery was cannulated and 7.5F Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via internal jugular vein into pulmonary artery for hemodynamic monitoring and blood gas analysis. ECG, SpO2 were continuously monitored during operation. At the end of operation in patients with internal mammary artery used as graft, the flow rate of grafts was measured with 3mm Doppler probe.Results (1) After CAB cardiac index (CT) increased significantly in off-pump group(P0.05) . (3) There was no significant difference in the blood flow of artery graft and myocardial oxygen delivery (MDO2), and consumption ( MVO2) as well as MDO2/MVO2 between the two groups. Conclusions Off-pump CAB surgery has less effects on hemodynamics but systemic and myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption are similar between the two groups.

Expression of SGK isoforms in human proximal tubular epithelial cells under the condition of high glucose concentration / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effect of high glucose concentration on serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase (SGK) mRNA and protein expressions in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HKC) and the possible role of SGK in the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) of HKC under the condition of high glucose. METHODS: HKC was divided into 3 groups: control glucose group (CG group, 5 5 mmol/L D-glucose); high glucose group (HG group, 25 mmol/L D-glucose) and osmotic control group (MG group, 19 5 mmol/L mannitol and 5 5 mmol/L D-glucose). The expressions of SGK mRNA and protein were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. The level of secretary and cytoplasmic fibronectin (FN) were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay (ELISA) and indirect-immunofluorescence. RESULTS: HKC expressed SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3 at mRNA and protein levels. Their mRNA level were up-regulated since 2 hours after cells exposed to D-glucose and this up-regulation persisted to the end of 8th hour, and SGK1 protein level elevated simultaneously. On the other hand, the increased FN secretion by high glucose was in a time-dependent manner and its improved secretion threshold was just followed by the high expression of SGK1. CONCLUSIONS: In response to high glucose, the expression of SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3 in human proximal tubular epithelial cells were up-regulated which was accompanied with FN accumulation. The high expression of SGK may mediate overproduction of ECM in proximal tubular epithelial cells and contribute to the diabetic nephropathy.